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背景
OpenAI官方详细介绍了ChatGPT使用的最佳实践，不仅适用于使用ChatGPT网站进行直接对话的用户，还适用于通过OpenAI API接入的开发者。
推荐使用GPT中文版,国内可直接访问：https://ai.gpt86.top
掌握了这些最佳实践，就能更好地利用GPT大模型。
本文是ChatGPT使用最佳实践系列第1篇 - 提供清晰且明确的指令(write clear instructions)。
GPT大模型并不会读心术，需要你在提示词(prompt)里明确你的具体诉求，大模型才会提供最佳的回答。
如果大模型给的回答过长，你可以在prompt里告诉它你想要更简短的回答。 如果大模型给的回答过于简单，你可以在prompt里要求它提供专家水准一般的输出。 如果大模型给的回答格式你不喜欢，你可以在prompt里告诉大模型你想要的输出格式。
简而言之，GPT需要猜的东西越少，回答的效果越好。
接下来详细讲述6个具体的操作指引。
策略1：在prompt里提供细节
如果要让GPT给出你想要的结果，需要确保你的prompt里包含重要的细节，否则GPT模型需要猜测你想要的答案，那给出的结果就未必好了。
以下是一些具体示例，第一列为bad prompt，第二列为good prompt，大家可以对比感受下。
| Worse | Better |
|---|---|
| How do I add numbers in Excel? | How do I add up a row of dollar amounts in Excel? I want to do this automatically for a whole sheet of rows with all the totals ending up on the right in a column called "Total". |
| Who’s president? | Who was the president of Mexico in 2021, and how frequently are elections held? |
| Write code to calculate the Fibonacci sequence. | Write a TypeScript function to efficiently calculate the Fibonacci sequence. Comment the code liberally to explain what each piece does and why it's written that way. |
| Summarize the meeting notes. | Summarize the meeting notes in a single paragraph. Then write a markdown list of the speakers and each of their key points. Finally, list the next steps or action items suggested by the speakers, if any. |
策略2：指定模型需要扮演的角色
OpenAI的Chat Completions API的messages参数可以通过指定role为system来告诉模型需要扮演的角色。
curl https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $OPENAI_API_KEY" \
-d '{
"model": "gpt-3.5-turbo",
"messages": [
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a math genius."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Hello!"
}
]
}'
例如，你希望GPT帮你做内容创作，创作的每段内容里包含至少一个笑话或俏皮的评论。
那system可以按如下示例设计：
| SYSTEM | When I ask for help to write something, you will reply with a document that contains at least one joke or playful comment in every paragraph. |
|---|---|
| USER | Write a thank you note to my steel bolt vendor for getting the delivery in on time and in short notice. This made it possible for us to deliver an important order. |
可以在这个链接里看效果：Open in Playground[1]
策略3：用分隔符来明确prompt的结构
分隔符可以方便大模型更精确识别prompt里的不同组成部分，回答效果更好。
参考示例：
| USER | Summarize the text delimited by triple quotes with a haiku. """insert text here""" |
|---|
| SYSTEM | You will be provided with a pair of articles (delimited with XML tags) about the same topic. First summarize the arguments of each article. Then indicate which of them makes a better argument and explain why. |
|---|---|
| USER |
| SYSTEM | You will be provided with a thesis abstract and a suggested title for it. The thesis title should give the reader a good idea of the topic of the thesis but should also be eye-catching. If the title does not meet these criteria, suggest 5 alternatives. |
|---|---|
| USER | Abstract: insert abstract here Title: insert title here |
对于一些很简单的任务，加分隔符前后效果可能不明显。
但是对于一些复杂的任务，比如很长的的prompt，加分隔符可以让GPT精确识别到每部分的结构，回答效果会更好。
策略4：指定完成本项任务需要的步骤
有些任务是可以分步拆解的，明确告诉GPT要执行的每个步骤可以让回答效果更好。
| SYSTEM | Use the following step-by-step instructions to respond to user inputs. Step 1 - The user will provide you with text in triple quotes. Summarize this text in one sentence with a prefix that says "Summary: ". Step 2 - Translate the summary from Step 1 into Spanish, with a prefix that says "Translation: ". |
|---|---|
| USER | """insert text here""" |
比如上面的例子，GPT的回答就会根据你的要求，第一步先输出summary，第二步再把summary翻译为西班牙语。
可以在这个链接里看效果：Open in Playground[2]
策略5：提供示例
有时候你希望GPT按照你想要的风格回答问题，但是这个风格又很难用明确的语言表述出来，就可以通过提供样例的方式给GPT，这种就叫 few-shot learning/prompting。
参考示例如下，你提供了一组
后续user的问题，模型就会按照你提供的样例的风格进行回答。
| SYSTEM | Answer in a consistent style. |
|---|---|
| USER | Teach me about patience. |
| ASSISTANT | The river that carves the deepest valley flows from a modest spring; the grandest symphony originates from a single note; the most intricate tapestry begins with a solitary thread. |
| USER | Teach me about the ocean. |
可以在这个链接里看效果：Open in Playground[3]
策略6：明确回答的长度
你可以告诉模型回答内容的长度，这个长度可以是字数，可以是句子数量，也可以是段落数量等。对于字数，模型不会特别精准。
参考示例如下：
| USER | Summarize the text delimited by triple quotes in about 50 words. """insert text here""" |
|---|
| USER | Summarize the text delimited by triple quotes in 2 paragraphs. """insert text here""" |
|---|
| USER | Summarize the text delimited by triple quotes in 3 bullet points. """insert text here""" |
|---|
总结
详细讲述了6个策略，以上策略不仅适用于GPT模型，还适用于其它大语言模型。
知乎：无忌。
References
https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/gpt-best-practices
参考资料
Open in Playground: https://platform.openai.com/playground/p/default-playful-thank-you-note
[2]Open in Playground: https://platform.openai.com/playground/p/default-step-by-step-summarize-and-translate
[3]Open in Playground: https://platform.openai.com/playground/p/default-chat-few-shot
[4]GPT实战教程: https://github.com/jincheng9/gpt-tutorial
[5]Jincheng's Blog: https://jincheng9.github.io/
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